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Wyn Jones, managing director of Alcan's British smelting and power-generation operations, says this will save 150,000 tonnes of CO2 a year (€3m if the price of CO2 is around €20 a tonne, as Alcan expects) and 60,000 tonnes of coal (£2.1m, or $4.2m, at around £35 a tonne).
On December 1st smelting started at a plant in Abu Dhabi that, when completed, will be the world's biggest.
Aluminium producers, for instance, have cut production in order to sell electrical power that is too valuable to use for smelting aluminium.
Other places on the institute's list included La Oroya, Peru, where poorly managed effluent from 80 years of mining and smelting has left local children with three times more lead in their blood than the World Health Organisation's recommended maximum; and Dzerzhinsk, Russia, where 300,000 tonnes of chemical waste were disposed of haphazardly, mostly in Soviet times.
Since June, free-market prices have more than tripled to levels at which aluminium smelting is uneconomic.
Smelting adds a lot of value to nickel ore, too.
Most costs come from energy for smelting: these have risen fast.
Material containing poisonous elements such as arsenic is unsuitable for smelting because of the risk of pollution.Technology Quarterly A shapely future for circuits Rocks on the menu Caught in a BEAR hug Do Not Attempt to steal Beam it up Towering beauty?
To recover large quantities of metals quickly from ores with a high metal content, smelting remains the most profitable route.
Huge investments in green energy and aluminium smelting have drawn inflows of foreign investment and promise to underpin exports for years to come.
And smelting it uses vast amounts of energy, accounting for one-third of the costs in an average plant.
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