Colorado was not included because of the lack of copper smelters, the distance of its population centers from the smelter locations, and the insignificant change in air quality in the Denver area during the strike period (Trijonis 1979).
In this population of lead smelter workers, nerve function as measured by CPT is associated with impairment in large and small myelinated sensory nerve fibers with a threshold effect at a TWA of 28 μg/dL.
From 2009 to 2011 high-profile Pb poisoning incidents in several provinces of China highlighted the impacts on more than 4,000 children, with numerous studies documenting high BLLs in working populations within Pb smelter and mining areas as well as LAB factories [ 7].
The mortality reduction in Nevada is largest of the four states presented by Pope et al. 2007, even though Reno and Las Vegas (population centers) are upwind of the smelters and are far distant over mountain ranges from the nearest smelter at Ely.
The population living near the Avonmouth zinc smelter has been exposed to cadmium and other heavy metals for many decades.
Polissar et al. (1990) examined pathways of arsenic exposure in a population that resided near a copper smelter.
This is probably due to the relatively young age of the study population along perhaps also, especially in smelters, a healthy worker effect.
Modeled atmospheric concentrations identified populations with potential Cd exposure from the smelter site (either via direct inhalation when the smelter was operating or indirect inhalation of household dust, or via ingestion of vegetables grown on Cd-contaminated soil).
General population exposure to Ni is likely from smelters and oil combustion including domestic heating and ship emissions as it is a constituent of Residual Oil Fly Ash ROFAA).
The HEA of 300 km has an estimated population of 9,840, borders on three zinc cadmium smelters, and consists of six districts of the municipalities Mol, Balen, Lommel, Overpelt, and Neerpelt.
