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There was no significant difference observed between yield among smear techniques.
All studies show that Xpert increases sensitivity detection of pediatric TB over smear techniques.
As a result, the performance of both smear techniques on the same specimen yielded an absolute increase of 12 13% in sensitivity over either smear alone (p < 0.01 for increase in sensitivity over direct or concentrated smear alone).
A comparison of the direct smear test results with the final culture outcomes to measure the performances of the direct smear techniques against the gold standards showed that of the 44 AFB-positive samples identified by the ZN microscopy; 36 (81.8%), 29 (65.9%) and 31 (70.5%) were culture confirmed after 10, 15 and 20 min decontamination, respectively.
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As this device is targeted for remote places, blood smear technique is adopted to reduce the overhead of the operator.
However, the expertise (skilled hands and high degree of experience) and the cost factor (infrastructure and consumables) may render it in most cases to the smear technique.
The cost would be low (smear technique), but the benefit would not be improved by performing a PCR (poor visual prognosis).
To compare the cytological diagnoses, specimen adequacy, and cost of the Siriraj liquid-based cytology (LBC) with those of the conventional smear technique.
Two stool samples per person were examined microscopically using the Kato-Katz thick smear technique [24], with three slides (read blind) per stool, to determine S. japonicum infection rates and intensity of infection.
Stool samples also processed using Kato-Katz smear technique [ 34].
Stool samples were examined for helminths by the Kato Katz thick smear technique [ 20].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com