ES users fall into two highly heterogeneous categories: smallholder peasants and recreational-house owners.
"Priority should be given to the use of land for smallholder and peasant agriculture and food production, rather than handing over land to those private property commercial interests".
The economy will have a simple structure in the coming years, with most economic activities focused in five sectors: smallholder, or peasant, agriculture; reconstruction; port services and light manufacturing; local small-scale trade; and public services, including healthcare and education.
"Something I'm proud of is that I became good friends with the children of the smallholders and peasants," he wrote in a campaign autobiography.
One cornerstone of the project was smallholder farmers, meaning peasant farm families in Africa, Latin America and Asia – working farms of around one hectare (2.5 acres) or less.
The "green economy" proposed by the agreement makes the trading of carbon central to protection and farming, a development that is widely rejected by peasant, smallholder and indigenous peoples' movements worldwide.
It is noteworthy that the bulk of agriculture in Poland remained dominated by private peasant smallholders, who were free to sell what and when they wished.
Massive land reforms, undertaken in 1918 21, transferred 15 million acres (6 million hectares) from large landowners to smallholders, thus reinforcing peasant agriculture.
Upper-class Romans who owned latifundia had enough capital to improve their crops and livestock with new strains, putting peasant smallholders at a competitive disadvantage.
One example is drip irrigation, a system pioneered in Israel's Negev desert that directs a small amount of water precisely to the root of each plant.The loudest opposition to such changes will come from the people who benefit most from the present system: comfortable landowners rather than peasant smallholders.
