For between-condition comparisons, the chance that the true (unknown) values for COD runs were higher (i.e., greater than the smallest practically important difference, or the smallest worthwhile [difference] change, SWC [0.2 multiplied by the between-subject standard deviation, based on Cohen's ES principle]), similar or lower was calculated using a specifically-designed Excel spreadsheet [ 41].
Scientists must specify the smallest scientifically important difference.
We estimate a 10% increase to be the smallest clinically important difference that we need power to detect.
A 2 or 3-point difference on the Roland Scale is the smallest clinically important difference found in studies of patients with other types of back pain [ 8, 10].
We assume comparable variation in both groups, set alpha to 5%, beta to 80%, and assume a smallest clinical important difference between the groups of 0.20 based on an estimated difference for pain measured by WOMAC/AUSCAN.
This disutility was conservatively assumed to be 0.03 in the base-case analysis, which has been defined as the smallest clinically important difference in utility (Nichol and Epstein, 2008).
In the randomized trial of the Twin Birth Study Collaborative Group, a relative risk of 0 · 5 was also used to justify the smallest clinically important difference between the planned caesarean delivery group and control group [ 19], equivalent to two-fold increase (or decrease) of risks.
That's a small, but important difference as the practice of going after other company's talent, also known as "poaching", is considered to be an important component of healthy competition in the market.
It was only when the FDA closely scrutinised some of these near-perfect fakes that they noticed a small but important difference - the expiry dates on the counterfeit packs were often longer than would be recommended for Ghana's climate.
