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Illness had the smallest effect with an odds ratio of 1.88 (p ≤ 0.001) while reporting a dental problem had the largest effect with an odds ratio of 8.22 (p ≤ 0.001).
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Cohen's (1988) rule of thumb for effects sizes (known as d) suggests that a d value over 0.2 would be considered at least a small effect, with a d over 0.5 being considered a moderate effect (Cohen 1988, pg. 25 26).
A GA progression rate of 0.3 mm2 or less represents a relatively small effect with less than 1/5 of the mean effect in our study population.
The low GC amino acid codon families that code for phenylalanine and tyrosine showed a similar, but smaller effect with average slopes of −0.0005 and −0.0004, respectively.
Correspondingly, Cohen's d showed a small effect with d = 0.32.
This is in contrast with the results of the metaregression model, which suggested a smaller effect with increasing mean age.
Teaching postgraduates has a very small effect, with prescribed sodium intake still greatly in excess of guideline suggestions [ 22, 23].
To detect a small effect with an α of 0.05 a power of 0.80 (one-tailed t-test), a sample size of N = 310 (155 per group) is required.
However, exploratory bivariate analyses showed only a single, small effect with this construct; according to this, female hospital clowns rated the effect of their performance somewhat higher than male clowns did (r = .23, p = .033).033
A lower dose, 50 mg kg−1 day−1 produced a small effect with statistical significance at day 17 (i.e. immediately after the full treatment course) but this effect did not persist.
To detect a small effect with an α of 0.05 and a power of 0.80 (one-tailed t-test), a sample size of N=310 (155 per group) is required.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com