The latter generally provide more in-depth information and cover the complete range of applicable forces from smaller than pN to N. In a theory chapter, we illustrate the physics of capsule deformation.
It is concluded that both solutions are applicable when spring response is smaller than or comparable to the base flow, but are nonphysical when the response is much larger than the base discharge.
Based on an approximate equation relating the catalytic peak current with that of the uncatalysed reduction of metal ions, the new method is applicable when the ligand concentration is much smaller than the analytical concentration of the metal ion.
This approximation is fairly accurate when the quantization step size is smaller than the signal standard deviation [34], at the middle range of quantization (but applicable for the entire range of quantization).
The method was also experimentally validated, but it was shown that the method is not applicable when certain components of the system have a diameter smaller than that of the acoustic beam.
They are applicable to free surface flows, when the flow thickness is distinctly smaller than the lateral dimension.
The finiteness of the dike length means that our model may be applicable only when the wavelength, L∗ = L a∗, of the unstable solution is smaller than the dike length.
For such methods to be applicable, previous variable selection is necessary and the number of selected variables should be smaller than the number of observations.
Non-SC methods, including ALD, sputtering, chemical bath deposition, and electron-beam evaporation, are also applicable for controllable TiO2 film deposition and have achieved PCEs up to 19% for active areas smaller than 1 cm2 [7].
Using RADAU5 that is applicable to stiff systems, an integration time 160 (incl. ODE) or 11 (attached ODE) times smaller than for the reference is achieved.
