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The SM is able to spread rapidly to Belarus and the Baltic countries, and with a smaller probability to South and Central Finland.
We impose a local smoothness constraint on the variation of motion vectors by using the energy function, which assigns a smaller probability to the motion vectors that differ significantly from vectors in their spatio-temporal neighbourhood.
Figure 5 shows how the optimal design of the billing cycle varies depending on consumers' valuation of future utilities (reflected by the discount factor δ). On one hand, a longer billing cycle improves the monitoring accuracy, and therefore, the system has a smaller probability to go into the punishment phase.
Nevertheless, there is still a smaller probability to stop the trial after the first stage when the truncation is applied.
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This cutoff level is less strict and allowed families with smaller probabilities to be included in the potential functional modules.
The performance of Simulation 2 is consistent with the probability pattern shown in Table 3 in which letters being further from the middle of a word tend to have smaller probabilities to be seen before than letters being near the middle of a word.
In the case of the futures markets, because they assign a small probability to candidates like Ron Paul or Hillary Rodham Clinton winning the election; for the sports books, because the unadjusted odds provide for a cut to the betting house and are intrinsically slightly disadvantageous to the bettor).
Due to the low pressure in the growth chamber, the direct impingement of elemental compounds onto the seed particle has a small probability to occur.
Our numerical results confirm that the proposed wake-up protocol with FLM achieves smaller delay than a conventional AP employing passive scanning while maintaining small probability to be falsely woken up by continuous interference.
It is obviously true that, for the given wave function, the quantum rules entail that if a measurement were performed the table could be found (with an extremely small probability) to be kilometers far away, but this is not the measurement or the macro-objectification problem of the standard theory.
In this paper, Multiple Strategies based Orthogonal Design PSO (MSODPSO) is presented, in which the social-only model or the cognition-only model is utilized in each particle׳s velocity update, and an orthogonal design (OD) method is used with a small probability to construct a new exemplar in each iteration.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com