This is supported by model calculations of the greenhouse gas effects on foF2 because hmF2 closely follows the boundary between the increasing electron density below and decreasing electron density above, only a small trend in foF2 is expected (e.g., Qian et al. [2009]).
A small trend in the same direction has also been reported in a larger CNV study on probands with intellectual disability (26).
Assuming that ERA-Interim is capable of representing such changes accurately, the small trend in ERA-Interim mean wind suggests that, at least on an annual basis, such contributions are small.
Ross et al. [ 15], who evaluated a portal with EMR access among patients with congestive heart failure, found improvements in medication adherence and a small trend in increased self-efficacy and satisfaction with patient-provider communication.
Results showed that survival to hospital discharge did not differ significantly between the groups, despite a small trend in favor of the drug group (10.5% vs. 9.2%, OR 1.16 [95%CI 0.74-1.82], p = 0.61).
Although there was a small trend in BAT activation after glucagon infusion, there was no statistical difference in BAT MR gluc) between vehicle and glucagon infusion: mean BAT [MR gluc)] with cold exposure 0.074 ± 0.007 µmol/kg/min, vehicle 0.010 ± 0.003 µmol/kg/min and with glucagon 0.029 ± 0.008 µmol/kg/min.
Table 1 The smallest trends in the global mean surface/air temperature (GMST/GMAT) time series over a period (duration) with uncertainty, P-value and duration.
Even though this year's warming due to El Niño is smaller, trends in ocean temperature have roughly matched 1997 98 thus far due to an overall warmer system.
Only small (trends towards) changes were observed in the other markers tested after initiation of TNF blocking therapy.
Hence, the four smallest trends, circled in yellow, from 2002 2012/2001 2013/2002 2014 should be regarded as the hiatus, while the others, circled in pink, from 2002 2012 (Fig. 3a) may be regarded as slowdowns, with maximum P-values less than those of the hiatus (Fig. 3b). Figure 3c depicts the minimum trends in yellow and pink circles in Fig. 3a along with uncertainties.
