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The second mode of a SPEM system is photoelectron spectroscopy from a small spot area, so-called μ-XPS.
Second, the number of the majority domains in the film with the small spot area is three.
This is true for film with small spot area that display two different intensities for the majority (right spot) and minority domains (left spot).
The predominant tilt directions were in-plane for film with small spot area and out-of-plane for film with large spot area.
The sums of the tilt angles in both directions were approximately 1° in both films, and the unit cell volume was found to be slightly larger for film with small spot area.
In addition, the triangular islands seen in the AFM image for the film with the small spot area (see the inset of Figure 1c) are preferentially oriented to the ⟨112̅⟩ directions, just like those shown in Figure 5c.
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This also explains the appearance of minority domains in films with small spot areas.
The film grown with small (large) spot area was strained (partially relaxed), exhibiting a value identical to (longer than) that of STO along the a-axis, which is responsible for the longer (shorter) value along the c-axis.
Since the laser beam was focused onto a small spot, the heating area could be considered as axisymmetrically distributed around the laser spot.
In order to evaluate tilt angle and direction, we measured pole figures (ω−ϕ scans) for 222 SFO reflections, which are shown in Figure 3a and b for films grown with small and large spot area, respectively.
Focal white matter lesions consist of multiple small spot-like areas isointense to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), T2-weighted and T1-weighted sequences (Fig. 14) because of periventricular space enlargement.
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