However, despite numerous challenges emanating from their specific vulnerabilities and small size, the issues faced by these countries have remained somewhat veiled and unaddressed.
Phase-contrast MRI has been very well validated to measure aortic flow rate but less so for renal arteries because of their small size and issues related to respiratory movements [ 47- 49].
For more reliable results, we excluded any subgroup without replication from the comparisons, and we applied the cyber-T test (instead of a standard t-test) for comparative analysis to appropriately account for the small sample size issue common in GEO data sets [19].
This small sample size issue increases the advantage of using Bayesian methods instead of traditional frequentist methods.
In a sign of returning confidence, earlier this month the Irish government took its first tentative step back into private capital markets after two years, raising 500m euros in a small-sized issue of three-month bills.
The index flood method alleviates small sample size issues due to short record length by calculating normalized quantile estimates for averaged data from a "region" of gauges.
Although the above qualitative studies raise important issues, the small size of the samples means that the themes described above may not encompass all the concerns of post-arrest patients.
Unfortunately, there is no way to resolve this issue given the small size of sequences currently generated with pyrosequencing methodology.
Then there is the size issue: how small is too small?
Nevertheless, some of the problems with which very few of these studies have been able to contend (whether Putnam's original study) or later work, have been (1) difficulty controlling for selection based on preferences for local good provision, (2) issues with the small size or highly-aggregated nature of the data, and (3) difficulty finding credible measures of inequality and fractionalization.
Observations took place in all inpatient hospital wards with the exception of the pediatrics ward, which was excluded due to the small size of the ward and logistical issues including the inability to unobtrusively observe HCWs hand hygiene practices on this ward.
