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Based on the optimisation results for small scale landscape samples we derive a target- and site-specific cost benefit function that can be applied to predict ecological improvement as a function of costs and local conditions on a large spatial scale.
Previous studies have reached differing conclusions about the relative effects of large and small scale landscape attributes on bird communities [38], [39].
These problems for coexistence are particularly important in Austria with its small scale landscape structure and a high proportion of organic farmers opposed to using transgenic crops.
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The pesticide usage, some orchard characteristics and two small-scale landscape parameters were characterized.
However, there has been less attention on incorporating small-scale landscape elements into landscape analysis.
It was a tidy, delicately wrought small-scale landscape with short views — not overcrowded but with every square foot of land carefully attended to.
However, the metrics that responded to adding small-scale landscape elements in correspondence with their real world impact on landscape metric values might not always be the best ecological indicators in terms of small-scale landscape elements.
The peculiarity of vector data is that small-scale landscape elements are mapped as point elements or lines.
Small-scale landscape heterogeneity allows a mixture of differentially reacting species to occur within the same regional metacommunity.
Due to the small-scale landscape heterogeneity, pixel-based classifiers were applied and training data were clustered according to their spectral signatures.
Another component of information that has often been ignored is "small-scale landscape elements" inside patches, which leads to within-patch heterogeneity being underestimated.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com