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Higher harmonics, originating from small scale flow gradients, have a random directivity.
The strongest responses occur in the relatively small scale flow (of the degrees L≈30 in spherical harmonic expansions).
Both the large and small scale flow structures within a reactor play an important role in governing the local momentum, heat and mass transfer.
The convergence of the spectrum is fast enough for the possible contributions to the large scale SV of the magnetic field advected by the small scale flow to be very small.
The pipe flow of emulsions based on six different crude oils (viscosities from 4.8 to 23.5 mPa s) and salt water (3.5% NaCl w/v, pH=7.3) were investigated experimentally using a small scale flow loop.
In order to resolve low speed (large scale) and high speed (small scale) flow structures in a column properly, measurements were carried out with a low speed (7 Hz) and high speed (900 Hz) PIV system.
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This small-scale flow is believed to show a universal behaviour consisting of vortex tubes.
Adult BMHV flows demonstrate more disorganized small-scale flow features, but pediatric flows are associated with higher fluid shear stresses.
Such large values are chosen to dampen any small-scale flow that cannot be resolved with the present numerical resolution and available computational power.
We include both physics-based and mathematics-based error definitions, leading to different error-measures designed to emphasize either errors in large- or in small-scale flow properties.
A detailed picture of the compressible fluid flowing through the SRV is obtained, including small-scale flow features in the seat regions.
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