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At the low concentration of 1 nM, TTNPB already produced a statistically significant down-regulation of RXR-γ and upregulation of RAR-β, while 9-cis-RA or all-trans-RA only produced a small regulation of both receptors that was not statistically significant.
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Small molecule regulation of cell function is an understudied area of trypanosomatid biology.
One of the most striking examples of small RNA regulation of gene expression is the process of RNA editing in the mitochondria of trypanosomes [1].
The biological, biochemical, and selective small molecule regulation of INMT enzyme activity remain largely unknown.
The presence of miR399, which targets transcripts of the E2-ubiquitin conjugating enzyme family, also supports the idea that small RNA regulation of the protein degradation pathways is important in late pollen.
It is quite possible that the unifying theme in the allosteric inhibition of these enzymes may be accurately described by the type of extended selection model employed in these studies (i.e., the nature of noncompetitive, small molecule regulation of GR enzymes resides in an extended selection model, as presented in this study).
This allows accommodation of cross-talk between the canonical pathways and identification of even small regulations crossing the different pathways.
We observed a small up-regulation of CXCR3 and CCR5 on Ly49s3+ NK cells that may cause a putative efflux from the bone marrow during L. monocytogenes infection, but this needs to be further addressed in future studies.
A small down-regulation of ERBB2 was observed with PFOA (1.5×).
Although we observed relatively small up-regulation of chromosome 21 genes, significant changes in gene expression were not limited to HSA21 genes.
A small up-regulation of these activation markers was also seen with TLR3, 4 and 7. CD19+ve B cells and CD11c+ve bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) were cultured with agonists for TLR2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9.
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