Such a model also helps us to visualize and understand how small, population-level differences could, over time, lead to large morphological differences.
From 100%-area inventories of big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) covering 204 ha or more at eight logged and unlogged forest sites across southern Brazilian Amazonia, we report generally higher landscape-scale densities and smaller population-level mean diameters in eastern forests compared to western forests, where most commercial stocks survive.
Though differences in A1c between groups seem small, on a population level these differences translate to substantial health impacts.
Although at the individual level, the annual differences may be small, at the population level a shift of this magnitude (~1 cm over adolescence) could impact public health.
Although the protective effect is small, on a population level the impact on prevalences of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases may still be relevant.
Although the estimated decreases in lung function due to air pollution are small on the population level, they were associated with significant increases in prevalence of low lung function (based on FEV1 < 85% of predicted values).
31 43 At the same time, although the percentage of children with birth defects is small at a population level, the fact that the population of children not born with an OFC was not restricted to children without other known birth defects may have resulted in residual confounding.
Excluding the 320 participants with CD4 counts less than 100 at 48 weeks, only 525 of 2,626 (20%) participants had a CD4 count less than 100 without a prior WHO 4 event during the subsequent 4 years of follow-up; the observed benefit of CD4 monitoring is small at the population level because such persons are in the minority.
Although the median value of the first derivative of the AAA growth rate with size model parameter is small at the population level (0.06/year), the relatively large interindividual variability on this parameter (0.32/year) suggests that there are individual patients with significant nonlinearity in the AAA growth trajectories.
Since NCHS does not provide subtype-specific breast cancer mortality data, we used overall breast cancer-specific mortality in place of breast cancer subtype-specific mortality and assumed that the difference in these mortality rates would be small at the population level.
At the individual level, this drop may seem small and inconsequential, but at the population level, small effects in many individuals are likely to have an impact on the overall societal benefits [ 11].
