Ultimately, the co-operative needs to make enough money to pay staff and incentivise voluntary workers, which costs about 2.5m shillings a month, in addition to small operational costs.
Gulati says, "However small operational costs we shave off in the current scenario, it is going to be useful".
Treatment systems with a very small energy input, low operational cost, and low surplus sludge generation are anaerobic digesters and constructed wetlands [ 3– 6].
The advantages of biosorbents include low operational cost and biodegradability.
As a consequence, smaller system size and operational cost may be achieved with this configuration.
This would remain economically advantageous as long as fuel represented a small percentage of operational costs, as it did at the time.
The fact that cold chain equipment makes up such a small proportion of operational costs suggests that SIAs build on existing routine immunization systems and do not require significant additional capital investment.
HDSSs are geographically localised, mostly in rural areas, and the population covered is in most cases not representative of the entire geographic area or is often small, to minimise operational costs.
Most of these methods suffer from some disadvantages such as high operational cost and are not suitable for small-scale industries or do not lead to a satisfactory result.
In small-scale applications, such as wellhead and point-of-entry water treatment systems, the need to maintain a stock solution of concentrated H2O2 increases the operational cost and complicates the operation of AOPs.
