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In addition, extremely small mode volumes on the order of 10-5 μm3 were calculated (right axis, Figure 3(a)).
Mode I crack closure was present in both alloys for small mode I cracks grown at R ratios near zero.
For the latter, regions with motion boundaries are usually predicted using small mode sizes with a larger magnitude of motion vectors and higher residual energy [18].
Since the top of the nanorod is covered with silver, a subwavelength SPP cavity mode is confined along the opposite z-axis, with an extremely small mode volume.
It is presented that this nanocavity has high quality (Q) factors and small mode volumes, satisfying the requirements of SPS at 1.55-μm telecommunication band.
Owing to the small mode volume, the SER-enhanced factors obtained in metamaterials are usually several orders higher than those in natural materials.
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Additionally, because of the open-ended nature of certain survey questions, some responses were unique to one individual, contributing to small modes and long tails in frequency of responses.
In addition to the Mode 3 controversy, the smallest mode of particles measured by the LCPS is similarly unconstrained.
Subsequent observations indicate a significant level of variability in the smaller mode (Sato et al. 1996; Rossi et al. 2015).
On the thin substrate, the proper cavity design results in a strongly confined mode distribution and hence a smaller mode volume Vm. Figure 6 Resonance lineshapes calculated using 3D FEM.
The smaller mode is best predicted with a size-dependent coagulation model, which allows some fraction of the smallest particles to escape collisions without resulting in coalescence or coagulation through the size-dependent coagulation efficiency (γSD).
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