Gene duplication however, can exhibit complex relationships and it can not be excluded that genes in some families have duplicated through both polyploidy and small-scale mechanisms [ 52].
It is likely therefore that genes included in the GO terms signal transduction and protein biosynthesis, which were over-represented among apple young families may have preferentially duplicated through the action of polyploidy rather than small-scale mechanisms.
Therefore, we can potentially produce a longer range of HF phase action with a relatively small mechanism size.
How incredible, then, that one small mechanism within this large vision provided such a strong theological statement for a community in exile.
The recently published structures of GlpG bound to various small, mechanism-based inhibitors (Vinothkumar et al, 2010, 2013; Xue & Ha, 2012; Vosyka et al, 2013) have served as models for speculations on substrate binding, but their utility in this respect is limited since the inhibitors are relatively small and structurally very different from peptide or protein substrates.
For specific conditions of interest (temperature, pressure, and composition), smaller mechanisms can predict the chemistry relatively accurately.
The first three examples are smaller mechanisms and are used to verify the correctness of implementation of GraTeLPy, since their critical fragments have already been found elsewhere.
This method is validated with a smaller mechanism against results from a previous model intercomparison.
The scheme reduces a globally valid full mechanism to a locally, instantaneously applicable smaller mechanism.
When the smaller mechanism is compared with the full MCM-CAPRAM mechanism, some concentrations are still similar but others differ due to the greater detail in chemistry.
