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If the electrostatic component of perturbation is considered, a great variety of wave branches and instabilities appear (Marchenko et al., 1988), but all of them become irrelevant if at least small fraction of cold electrons occurs in plasma.
It was shown (e.g., by Chen and Hasegawa, 1991) that a small fraction of cold electrons (that is, electrons with a lower thermal speed than the parallel phase velocity of the wave) shorts out the longitudinal wave's electric field (E∥ = −ik∥ = 0); thus, the potential φ is not an independent variable, and the variables Ψ and b fully describe the electromagnetic field of the perturbation.
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Our calculations show that a small fraction of Oh (< 0.5% with respect to cold oxygen content) had a significant impact on the heat budget and dynamical regime of the neutral gas.
For example, cold chain costs actually represent a relatively small fraction of total vaccine delivery system costs.
This procedure, proposed by chemists Peter Debye (1926) and William Francis Giauque (independently, 1927), provides a means for cooling an already cold material (at about 1 K) to a small fraction of 1 K.
Plasmas utilized in "plasma technology" ("technological plasmas") are usually cold plasmas in the sense that only a small fraction of the gas molecules are ionized.
However, the low r2 values we report here show that persistent substitution cold spots are unlikely to be responsible for more than a small fraction of sequences which have been identified by phylogenetic footprinting.
This breach represents a small fraction of Bitstamp's total bitcoin reserves, the overwhelming majority of which are held in secure offline cold storage systems.
The mRNA for TRPM8 is expressed in a small fraction of sensory neurons, including those of the trigeminal ganglion, and mice deficient in TRPM8 have deficits in cold sensation, implicating this channel as the endogenous sensor of external cold temperature.
A small fraction of them will support complex life.
Only a small fraction of them will fit there.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com