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Since our objective to have small cutoff frequency less than 50 Hz, the designed filter must have very low transconductance value (Gm in the order of a few nA/V).
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Mostly emitter followers and bypass filters with very low cutoff frequencies.
The three characteristic frequencies in this theory are: (a) lower adsorption crossover frequency – ωad ≈ D/K2, (b) adsorption roughness topothesy dependent weak pseudo-quasireversibility characteristic frequency – ωq ≈ D/(ℓ τK) and (c) high frequency small cutoff length dependent Warburg – anomalous Warburg crossover frequency – ωw≈D/ℓ2.
To show the two peaks of k ⇀ p and 2 k ⇀ p in the spatial frequency domain, the value of k ⇀ p was adopted as 1.03 μm−1, which is slightly smaller than the 1.25 μm −1 half value of k ⇀ 0. The k ⇀ p of 1.03 μm−1 and the 2 k ⇀ p of 2.06 μm−1 are both smaller than the cutoff frequency k ⇀ p of 2.5 μm −1; hence, the two peaks can be observed in Fig. 2(b).
The MOSFET demonstrates improved performance in terms of bigger on-current, larger on/off current ratio, larger cutoff frequency, smaller intrinsic delay, and better saturation behavior [21, 50].
Larger phase stability margin γ is needed and the cutoff frequency is not too small.
It should be noted that in vivo, IHC membrane time constants will be smaller, and respective cutoff frequencies will be higher, because of the higher body temperature and the existence of the endocochlear potential (24).
The EIT data were low-pass filtered with a cutoff frequency of 2 Hz to eliminate small impedance changes synchronous with the heartbeat.
The low pass filter was designed for a cutoff frequency f = 1000Hz.
The sounds of a drum are very low in frequency, so this seemingly aggressive cutoff frequency is actually very suitable for our project.
The measured results of the reconfigurable low-pass filter show the 3-dB cutoff frequency change from 19 to 11 GHz with very small change in the average insertion loss from 1.3 to 1.9 dB.
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