While the technology has been tested and proven at small-scales, commercial scale operations have yet to be built and the key obstacle appears to be the massive costs associated with the technology.
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) is a promising solar energy technology that is growing steadily in a so far small, but commercial scale.
Harry Jackson, the president of Ocees International, an engineering firm based in Honolulu also working on the technology, estimated that a test plant of the size Hawaii is planning — which is still far smaller than commercial scale — would cost $150 million to $250 million.
In fact, very few African examples of modern bioenergy production have been in existence at either small or large commercial scales over a long enough duration for sufficient data to be available to draw robust conclusions.
Several microorganisms have been reported as plant pathogen antagonists, but only a small number were applied on a commercial scale (Fravel 2005).
The design and operation of a small research scale and a mass commercial scale rearing system for the culture of marine ornamental decapod crustacean larvae are described in the present paper.
In the Karoo biome, traditional small-scale small stock keeping, represents a small commercial operation.
Key issues that impact the adoption and implementation of MRT for research, development, and small-scale commercial applications, including safety, potential performance enhancement, environmental impact, distributed production, scale-up, and computer-aided design tools are also analyzed.
Over the nineteenth century the commercial heart of the City of London experienced a widespread transformation as the traditional mix of houses, shops and small-scale commercial spaces gave way to a new landscape dominated by the large-scale, purpose-built office building.
