Thermal transport and laser absorption properties are the fundamental parameters for the thermal design, but difficult for determining due to their very small characteristic sizes.
Hardening of crystals smaller than this characteristic size is expected to be dominated by dislocation starvation while crystals much larger than this size should exhibit conventional dislocation plasticity.
Boyle's ambitions of reducing elemental minima to structured constellations of mechanical atoms had been abandoned by this time, and Dalton's theory simply assumes that each element has smallest parts of characteristic size and mass which have the property of being of that elemental kind.
Even when the significant dimensions are as small as 1.1x the characteristic size, the differences between the solutions of the half-space-based methods and the FE method are within 9%.
The characterization and simulation results indicate that the permeability of ITZ section in samples with internal curing were smaller due to less percolated porosity and smaller characteristic pore sizes, compared to the samples without internal curing.
We then conclude that the characteristic size gets smaller as the rate of product removal, ν2, becomes larger.
Trimming of the piRNA to the 24 30 nt characteristic size of these small RNAs requires the cytoplasmic endonuclease Zucchini [ 6, 7].
Indeed it is now evident that almost all snoRNAs produce defined classes of small RNAs that have characteristic sizes, origins within the snoRNAs, and 5' nucleotide biases [ 22], some of which may function as miRNAs [ 23].
These discrepancies are due to two factors: first, the EMA assumes that the different materials integrating the effective medium have characteristic sizes much smaller than the wavelength.
Because EMT has mostly been limited to systems with characteristic sizes considerably smaller than the studied wavelength, this study explores the possibility to extend EMT's applicability in particulate materials having structural sizes comparable to the radiation wavelength.
Among a variety of nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) possess unique characteristics: small size, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, simple surface chemistry, and easy surface modification.
