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Thickened mucus slowly fills the small airways and hardens, shrinking lung capacity.
The first step is a bronchodilator, which relaxes the muscles surrounding small airways to open them.
With mucus coating the small airways in the lungs, the hair cells are unable to clear out invading bacteria.
Asthma is characterized in part by small airways dysfunction.
Closure of the airways by air trapping occurs when the small airways, the bronchioles, collapse.
Today, several heterogeneous methods for the assessment of small airways are available.
Furthermore, the peripheral localization of the small airways and their small diameter constitutes difficult their direct assessment.
Small airways contribute little to the total respiratory resistance so that extensive damage of small airways may occur before the appearance of any symptoms, and this is the reason why they are characterized as the "silent zone" of airways.
Histopathologically it is characterised by the accumulation of granulation tissue lying within small airways, alveolar ducts and alveoli [61].
MDCT is the most sensitive modality in the detection and quantification of large and small airways disease.
However, advances in FOT and imaging have illustrated an intrinsic degree of heterogeneity that affects both large and small airways.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com