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The OSA and TCS combined processes reduced sludge yield by 21 56% under the same sludge retention time (6.75 h) in sludge anoxic holding tank.
The sludge yield coefficient of CAAC was 0.1738, the simultaneous removal of COD and nitrogen with in situ sludge reduction could be achieved in this CAAC process.
The results suggest that TCS and OSA combined process is effective in reducing sludge yield, and process performance as well as sludge settleability are not significantly affected by introduction of the chemical uncoupler.
The GSAD reactor with SOB granular sludge achieved 93.7 ± 2.1% nitrogen and complete sulfide removal with low sludge yield of 0.15 g-volatile suspended solids (VSS /g-N, and much lower nitrous oxide (N2O) emission than the heterotrophic denitrifying process.
This paper addresses not only the urgent problems of treating nutrient and organic pollutants in municipal wastewater, but also assesses characteristics of biomass production, sludge yield, and observed yield during the pilot operation.
In spite of different influent acetate concentrations applied in both reactors, similar sludge yield coefficients were obtained in SBR-H and SBR-L, indicating that sludge production was not significantly affected by the influent organic carbon concentrations.
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The results revealed that the sludge production yield (Yobs) was significantly less in the FBSBR compared to the SBR (p < 0.01).
At low stress, below the yield stress, sludge behaved as a visco-elastic solid, whereby primary sludge yielded abruptly whilst secondary sludge flowed smoothly to steady state.
In addition, the lower SRT conditions resulted in higher sludge yields and higher COD content in the WAS.
The lowest biomass production (Px,bio) and sludge yields (PX,VSS or PX,TSS) were shown for conditions in run 3, and run 4, respectively.
In this study, the unit sludge yields resulted from the EC/EF process for both Cu-CMP and oxide-CMP wastewaters were found to be less than that of the traditional chemical coagulation process.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com