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The calculated PNEC was transferred to the sludge pathway.
The PNEC in soil (for the sewage sludge pathway) corresponds to a concentration of 30 mg/kg dry sludge of NM-300K in a single application.
The aim of this study was to prepare a hazard assessment for one specific AgNP in soil, incorporated via sewage sludge (the sewage sludge pathway).
For NM-300K, a derived PNEC in soil (via the sludge pathway) of 30 mg/kg dry sludge, with incorporation of the sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants, can be classed as a risk to soil organisms.
Via the sludge pathway, this value means that sludge containing up to 30 mg/kg dry sludge may be applied in a single application to soil before the microorganisms are affected.
The following conclusions were drawn: Investigations into the effects of NM-300K in soil and the sludge pathway showed for the first time that when applied at environmentally relevant conditions, and even after transformation, AgNP sorption to sludge and aging in soil can have a toxic effect on organisms of the terrestrial ecosystem.
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Gene-centric clustering analysis showed the carbohydrate pathways of sludge systems were shaped by different environmental factors, including dissolved oxygen and salinity, and the latter showed more determinative influence of phylogenetic composition.
Antimicrobials applied as sewer sludge on land constitute a pathway for transfer of these chemicals into animal feed and crops destined for human consumption.
The predominant Actinomycetales, Clostridiales and Thermotogales, respectively, serve as the keystone population of distinctive pathway modules within the sludge carbohydrate metabolic network.
Besides, the influence of dissolved oxygen and salinity, community phylogeny fundamentally structured the overall pathway of carbohydrate metabolism of sludge system.
Wastewater effluent and sewage sludge are predicted to be important release pathways for nanomaterials used in many consumer products.
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