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Two different types of sludge materials, namely paper making waste water sludge (PS) and ink-eliminated sludge (IES) were used.
This equipment is expected to improve drying of challenging industrial sludge materials when used as a pretreatment method prior to further processing.
Before now, little attention had been paid to the contribution of particulate matter and sludge materials to the total estrogenic potency of wastewater samples, even though more lipophilic compounds could more easily reach biota via the food chain.
The recoveries for both liquid and solid samples were between 72 104%, whereas the limits of detection ranged from 0.3 to 2.1 ng L−1 in liquid samples, and from 0.1 to 1.9 ng g−1 in solid samples, including both particulate and sludge materials.
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The use of such sludge material was banned in Europe in 1991.
The possible reason could be the differences in the sludge material used for incubations.
This paper examines the re-use of one such sludge material, namely, fluoride contaminated bone char sludge, as partial replacement for fine aggregate (river-sand) in the manufacture of dense concrete specimens.
The sludge material was also analyzed before and after leaching, using solution 31P NMR spectroscopy and sequential chemical extractions, in order to evaluate dissolutions of both organic and inorganic P-bearing species and their respective contributions to P release.
The whole method was applied to real samples: sludge, suspended materials, atmospheric fallouts and roof deposit.
The ingoing sludge, bed material and sludge residue were also prepared for analysis of toxicity, TOC, Ntot, NH4+ and Ptot by shaking with 1 5 proportion of deionized water for 24 h followed by centrifugation at 5,700 × g.
PSOM = paper sludge organic material; RS = reducing sugars.
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