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Of these co-cultures, the one without granular sludge (Case H and I) produced lactate at higher rates than the one with granular sludge (Case E).
At d >0.2 h−1, both the pure cultures with granular sludge (Case F and G) displayed higher lactate productivity than the co-culture with (Case E) or without sludge (Case H and I).
On the other hand, the pure cultures of both organisms in the presence of granular sludge (Case F and G) produced H2 at higher rates than the co-cultures without granular sludge (Case H and I, Figure 3A).
The highest lactate productivity was observed in the C. owensensis culture with granular sludge (Case G, Figure 3C).
The lactate yields were lowest for the co-culture with granular sludge (Case E) at any particular d (h−1).
No samples were collected from cultures performed with sludge (Case E, F, and G) due to contaminations from granular sludge.
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Moreover, readers should be able to decide which is the best activated sludge process type for a specific case study.
Additionally, the results were compared with modelled values for AgNPs in soil introduced within sewage sludge, in which case all AgNPs were included even those that are more or less toxic.
All liquid samples withdrawn from the granular sludge containing cultures (Case E, F, and G) contained sludge granules, which made it difficult to determine the planktonic biomass concentration, thus no reliable data could be obtained.
There is an increased tendency for gallstone formation during long-term somatostatin analogue treatment, but gallbladder echocardiography performed at the end of this study revealed only a slight increase in the presence of gallstones or sludge (eight and four new cases, respectively).
Reduced hydraulic residence times during storm events have at least two possible influences on removal efficiency: decreased exposure time for degradation by the activated sludge (as appears the case for caffeine) and decreased removal of solids material (as appears the case for CHO, COP, and SIT, which can be expected to have substantial particle-phase concentrations).
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