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Each open- or closed-loop experiment was preceded by the following preparatory phases: after at least 24 hours of slow perfusion, the continuous mixing system was activated.
Furthermore, the average holding current increased to 352 ± 103.9 pA (n = 3) after 100 s of continued slow perfusion with NMDA.
Besides the too slow perfusion speed, mistakes in the type of solute chosen for rehydration could at least partly explain under-correction, as 22% of patients with MBP ≥70 mmHg either received isotonic solute or were not perfused.
Due to the slow perfusion rate and the slow response of the clamp, desensitization can limit the peak measured current in oocytes, particularly at high agonist concentrations, thereby affecting EC50 and Hill coefficient determinations.
In addition, the system also included provisions for optimal environmental conditions (a slow perfusion system, a stream of a sterile gas mixture and heating devices, Figure 1a, items 3 to 5), providing a stable environment of 37°C, 5% CO2 and one to two media replacements/day, resulting in experiments which were effectively open-ended [ 69].
We therefore designed experiments to look at the trend in mobility for individual sparklets that took advantage of the relatively slow perfusion time of our chamber (estimated flow of five-times chamber volume in 30 s) using voltage-clamped HEK293T/17 cells as described in 'Materials and methods'.
Similar(53)
The basis of these observations is that viable tumours have increased and rapid blood flow, while fibrosis, necrosis and mucin pools, on the other hand, have slower perfusion.
We adapted the standard NPD protocol for young children, designed a special catheter for them, used a slower perfusion rate, and shortened the protocol to include only measurement of basal PD, transepithelial sodium (Na+) transport in response to the Na+ channel inhibitor amiloride, and CFTR-mediated chloride (Cl-) secretion in response to isoproterenol, a β-agonist in a Cl- free solution.
IVIM imaging does not rely on tracer delivery, which makes it a potential candidate for measuring slow or delayed perfusion such as in white matter.
Indeed, as with CRT, there is evidence that systemic CNS-directed and IT chemotherapy may lead to brain abnormalities, such as decreased cerebral perfusion, slower resting electroencephalogram frequencies, white matter changes and enlargement of the ventricles and cortical sulci [ 7].
The pimonidazole and endogenous CAIX staining (green and red) are generally in good agreement with some minor variations which presumably arise from short-lived fluctuations in tumor perfusion and slow rates of CAIX degradation.
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