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At least two distinct mechanisms exist by which bacterial pathogens kill C. elegans: "slow killing" which takes place over the course of several days and is associated with bacterial infection of the nematode, and "fast killing" which is mediated by diffusible toxins and is not associated with the accumulation of bacteria in the nematode intestine [26].
Both clades includes slow killing (type 1 GVs) and fast killing (type 2 GVs), reinforcing the concept of that this biological feature is not phylogenetically informative [ 57].
For years, he slammed practical criticism for what he called its "slow killing of the work through a close textual analysis".
The cell viability assay performed on HeLa cells shows their effective slow killing in presence of Dox loaded hydrogel owing to favorable acidic pH for hydrogel disruption.
The relatively slow killing of bacteria and fungi by millimolar NCT appears to approximately correlate with its penetration into the cytosol of these organisms.
However, the slow killing speed associated with these mycoinsecticides is a major deterrent to their commercial use and large-scale application, and thus they are unable to compete with faster-acting and cheaper chemical insecticides (Amsellem et al. 2002; St Leger et al. 1996).
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A characteristic feature of this type of resistance is a biphasic antibiotic killing curve, in which a fast initial kill phase is followed by much slower killing.
Fast killing was defined as an uninterrupted initial calcein drop larger than 75% with no or insignificant further leakage while slower killing was defined as a partial initial drop of less than 75% followed by slower leakage.
Not to say that debilitating disease is not a threat - there are plenty of slow-killing diseases such as Alzheimer's, which has struck more than 5 million Americans and costs the government about $130 billion a year in treatments.
Such an approach would not be possible with any of the various slow-killing pathogens of C. elegans [3].
Persistent colonization by LF82 results in a robust slow-killing phenotype, which is independent of known LF82 virulence determinants.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com