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In many cases (particularly slow freezing events at high subzero temperatures), numerous isolated freezing events were observed (Figure 5).
Two approaches are widely used in cryopreservation: equilibrium (slow freezing) and non-equilibrium (vitrification) cooling procedures.
Vitrification has theoretical advantages over slow freezing as no ice is created in the process.
Moreover, slow freezing do not need advanced equipment and can be worldwide applied in any laboratory.
Slow freezing is a simpler procedure with lower CPAs concentrations than vitrification28.
Vitrification is superior to slow freezing, which in turn is superior to ultra-rapid freezing.
Similar(5)
Vitrification was found to be more successful than slow-freezing.
The cost saving in countries using vitrification may be greater than in countries still primarily using slow-freezing techniques.
In the conventional slow-freezing method, cultured cell sheets are frozen in the presence of a relatively low concentration of a CPA [ 21].
Secondly, ultrarapid freezing was performed to prevent extensive ice growth in contrast to the conventional slow-freezing protocol.
Moreover, hESC and hiPSCs could be cryopreserved at −80°C by the slow-freezing method.
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