In addition to the aspect, DTM, and slope images, the following feature sets were proposed to improve the accuracy of landslide detection: (1) the mean aspect, DTM, and slope textures based on four texture directions; (2) aspect, DTM, and slope textures based on aspect; and (3) the moving average and standard deviation (stdev) filter of aspect, DTM, and slope.
Mean values for each geometric signature (LN slope, surface texture (3 × 3 and 13 × 13), combined texture, and local convexity) within the destination polygons were calculated and stored as representative values.
b f Area segmentation by the 280 m DEM using different scale parameters or different weights (LN slope: surface texture: local convexity).
With high-accuracy domestic DEMs, a weight ratio of 1 1 1 for LN Slope:surface texture:local convexity gave good area segmentation (Iwahashi et al. 2015).
The main effects and interactions of topographic slope, drainage texture, proximity to lineament, depth of water table and soil types have been considered.
This is due to the fact that depth to groundwater is shallow, with high net recharge value, high aquifer permeability, low slope, soil texture, high hydraulic conductivity, and high lineament density and land use (agriculture).
Defined as the Natural Agricultural Suitability Analysis, the foundation of this study is a hierarchical geospatial analysis that integrates six key natural factors: slope, soil texture, soil depth, non-catastrophic overbank flooding potential, drainage flow length, and drainage proximity and flow potential.
Various physical, socio-economic, utilities, and environmental criteria were used as predictors, including elevation, slope, soil texture, population density, distance to commercial area, distance to educational area, distance to residential area, distance to industrial area, distance to roads, distance to highway, distance to railway, distance to power line, distance to stream, and land cover.
Four terrain characteristics, including terrain texture, slope gradient, the hypsometric curve, and slope aspect, were used to quantify topographic differences and reveal the loess-deposition process during the Quaternary.
Appropriateness of physical soil and water conservation structures selection (considering factors such as rainfall amount, soil texture, slope gradient, and existing land use).
