Exact(2)
Data from one participant were excluded from the analyses of both categorization and discrimination tasks because the slope of category boundary in the pre-TMS condition differed by >2 standard deviations from the mean and it was impossible to define between-category pairs.
It is also possible that the TMS-induced disruption of the motor lip area impaired perceptual learning mechanisms (Norris et al. 2003), influencing the perception of speech sounds even after the period of motor disruption had ended and explaining why perception of speech sounds (i.e., d′ and the slope of category boundary) did not recover completely during the break.
Similar(58)
In our previous study we found that TMS-induced disruption of the motor lip representation reduced the slopes of category boundaries, but had no effect on their position (Experiment 1 in Möttönen and Watkins 2009).
In our earlier study (Möttönen and Watkins 2009) we found a reduction in the slope of the category boundary between "ba" and "da," but no change in positions of the category boundaries.
In the lip experiment, the slope of the category boundary changed across time (significant main effect of time: F2,38 = 3.54, P < 0.05, Table 1, Fig. 3 A).
> In the hand experiment the slope of the category boundary did not change across time (no significant main effect of time, Table 1, Fig. 3 A).
The more the slope of a category of biological function deviated from the baseline, the higher the correlation between gene and protein expression (fig. 3).
Thus, the slope of the category boundary is shallower, that is, the perception of speech sounds is less categorical, when the articulatory motor cortex is disrupted.
During TMS-induced disruption of the lip area the slope of the category boundary was significantly reduced compared with the pre condition (post1 vs. pre: t19 = −2.27, P < 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.51).
The effects of TMS-induced disruptions on all dependent measures (slopes and positions of category boundaries, hits, false alarms, d′, and c) were statistically tested using repeated-measures one-way analysis of variances (ANOVAs) with the factor time (pre, post1, and post2) in the lip and hand experiments separately.
The sign of its slope indicates whether the person is moving to the right or left and its magnitude is compared to the average slope of the three baseline categories of Table 2 using the Mahalanobis distance.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com