In our study, the TS injection significant modified the latency to reduce sleep as well as increasing the duration of sleeping time (Table 5).
As a first step to address this question, we used actigraphy[ 20], EEG, and sleep journals to assess sleep, wake, and meditation times, and found a generally shorter sleep time in these subjects (Table 2, Figure 3) relative to our control subjects (5.2 versus 7.8 hours per day; F 1,28 = 54.183, p <<0.00001), and also compared to published norms[ 21].
Expected differences were found for some sleep parameters when comparing REM sleep behavior disorder patients with healthy controls (such as total sleep time and sleep efficiency, see Table 1).
Insulin and glucose values, calculated indices, and PSG results are presented in Table 2. Total sleep time (TST) was significantly or near-significantly associated with both short- and long-term measures of glucose homeostasis (Table 3).
As detailed in Table 2, objective sleep time was significantly related to ethnicity (p < 0.001) in ANCOVA controlled for covariates of illumination (p < 0.001), age (NS), education (NS), and depression score (NS).
Results of the effect of melatonin on primary and secondary sleep measurements are shown in Table 2. Nocturnal sleep time was 2.5 hours in the placebo group and was 1 hour longer in the melatonin group, although the difference was not statistically significant (Table 2).
Commonly used GABA agonists such as propofol and benzodiazepines (Table 1) increase total sleep time and decrease sleep latency; however, these decrease N3 and REM sleep stages [53,54].
Commonly used GABA agonists such as propofol and benzodiazepines (Table 1) increase total sleep time and decrease sleep latency; however, these decrease N3 and REM sleep stages [ 53, 54].
The distribution of average daily sleep time across irregular bedtime frequency groups is shown in Table 2. ADST, average daily sleep time + An irregular bedtime event was defined as a shift from the usual bedtime of >1 h.
