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The generated aqueous fluid then migrates upwards to enter and hydrate the mantle wedge above the slab (Figure 1 <2>).
However, the earthquakes for which we observe guided waves are mostly located at the uppermost part of the Pacific slab (Figure 4 and characteristic 5).
It is seen that when the dye is very close to the surface of the HMM or the silver slab (Figure 11(d)) we see a smooth peak at larger magnitudes of the in plane wavevector (k x ).
The geometry of the subducted slab (Figure 5), along the brown line shown in Figure 1, is constructed based on the slab model of Ansell and Bannister ([1996]) and used for all calculations because the slab shape does not change drastically in the along-strike direction (Figure 1).
However, a correlation is possible between electrical conductivity (or its inverse, resistivity) and P wave attenuation of the backarc anomaly and the age of the slab (Figure 4), suggesting that the backarc anomaly is more conductive and the seismic waves are more attenuated when it is related to a young slab (<100 Myr) than to an older slab.
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The gray-shaded zone indicates synthetic travel time differences between the P wave and the SP wave at the upper surface of the Pacific slab. Figure 4 Map (a) and vertical cross-sectional views (b) of hypocenters for X phases.
The 0.9 h is chosen herein as an upper bound because it approximates the effective depth of slab. Figure 21 compares the shear capacity at the center slab-column connection (Column 1) evaluated based on Eq. (1) and the shear demand determined from analysis at 30, 60, and 90 min of heating.
Under the eastern Aleutians, the Wadati Benioff zone also comprises the double seismic zone, with a slightly smaller separation between the upper and lower planes than that of the NE Japan slab. Figure 5b again shows that the estimated dehydration reaction boundaries roughly correspond to the upper and lower seismic planes.
In addition, fault depths of the SSEs are shallower than those of slab earthquakes (Figure 1d).
Brocher and others (1999) reinterpreted previously identified Moho reflections in northern California as reflections on fossil slab material (Figure 5).
With increasing degree of melting, χ, the Cl/F ratio in the final melt increases independently of the composition of the slab fluid (Figure 4).
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