Based on the pioneering work of Rasmussen and Penfield, who showed the correspondence between skin and cortical representation [ 4], central effects elicited after acupuncture needling can be characterized in discrete brain areas [ 5- 8] as well as at the spinal level [ 9, 10] using fMRI.
With the growing popularity of the treatments, the F.D.A.'s advisory panel on general and plastic surgery devices met to weigh whether the agency should require makers to conduct longer-term and larger studies with a greater representation of skin types, and histological studies of tissue response to injected particles.
On the other hand, not as some previous studies used to do, we would not expect to segment the patient' face image into specified facial regions but to extract one's whole skin color as holistic representation.
Thus, a means of adapting the representation of skin-colored image pixels according to the recent history of detected colored pixels is required.
The device software is able to elaborate three-dimensional (3D) representations of skin wrinkles, to measure skin principal profilometric parameters, and to directly compare the obtained images.
Using the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) compendium of human mendelian inheritance (Amberger et al., 2009), we previously compiled a database of genetic skin diseases, their phenotypic representations, affected organ systems and associated genes (Feramisco et al., 2009).
Though such attitudes are often mistaken for a bias against darker skinned people of our race, the assumed colorism of older African Americans is more often a reaction to the humiliating and degrading representation of dark skin in images used to depict and reinforce black people's sub-human status in the late 19th and first half of the 20th century.
For example, the hand map in the primate is incomplete in its representation of hairy skin [40].
Moreover, the SI representation of the skin sheet does not respect the body's true proportions, and decays rapidly in less than 1 second in the absence of sensory input [1], [2].
These two age groups provide a good representation of the skin aging phenotype in healthy adults [ 17].
