These are included to control for skill differences that stem from gender, life-cycle effects, and socioeconomic background.
Stein et al. (2008) present a related finding that the nutritional intervention had significant impacts on adult cognitive skills even with controls for school attainment (although they do not attempt to control for the determinants of school attainment).
Further on, the right-hand side incorporates variables in the vector skill_need that are intended to control for firms' skill needs.
In that case it will be important to control for the skill level of paramedics participating in the study, since we found that there is no significant learning effect up to 13 live experiences.
We attempted to control for surgeon skill by performing secondary analyses in which we limited inclusion to procedures performed by surgeons who graduated from a Canadian medical school and to procedures performed by a surgeon with at least five years of experience.
Panel regressions have the additional advantage of allowing us to control for investor-specific skills using fixed effects and overall market conditions using time effects.
In the standard value-added model, this variable is intended to control for the students' knowledge, skills, and ability at the start of the school year.
Overqualification in or outside the field points to lost productivity related to a lack of job-specific skills (models control for skill heterogeneity) and can aggregate to important national level costs (Mavromaras et al. 2009).
Nicols (2009) argued that first-year students need to learn how to assimilate the university culture, while also receiving the skills for them to control their own learning.
Rashid stood out above all, the leg-spinner bowling with skill and control for the second successive match to apply a ligature to the middle overs, claiming the wickets of Sri Lanka's captain, Angelo Mathews, for 44 made in spite of a hamstring injury, and the dangerous Seekkuge Prasanna in the space of three deliveries.
