During the spaceflight era it has been of interest to explore the ancient theory that form of the skeleton develops in response to gravity, and that changes in gravitational forces can change the developmental pattern of the limb.
FSTL1 expression is upregulated in cardiac and skeleton myocytes in response to ischemic stress [ 4] and in the osteoblast cell line stimulated with proinflammation cytokines [ 5].
Presumably, these effects were due to a change in the balance of protein synthesis/proteolysis and to the catabolism of carbon skeletons for energy in response to energy restriction, which is consistent with up-regulated expression of genes involved in amino acid catabolism.
The dancers wore an annoyingly whimsical selection of clown and carnival outfits (tulle skirts, striped tights, hair in bunches, a skeleton suit), and began a series of mimed sequences in response to annoyingly whimsical, unconvincingly enunciated commands and comments.
Filopodia are not only acting as probes to detect microenvironment but also serve as skeleton to guide lamellipodia extension for directing cell motions, in response to surface topography[27].
Life‐supporting changes made in response to an injury can strengthen our entire muscular skeleton and often reduce the likelihood of future injuries.
Radionuclide bone scan images provide a unique way of visualizing and comparing the metabolic changes in bone in response to teriparatide therapy in different regions of the skeleton compared with BTM that show only the average integrated response.
In contrast to adults, the immature skeleton is characterised by the presence of open physes, thicker periosteum, and a different biomechanical behaviour in response to loading.
Latvia will not send its skeleton athletes to the 2017 world championships in Sochi – the first such announcement by any national team in response to the Russia doping scandal.
42, 53 The mechanism is unknown, but this may represent a shift in osteoblast activity or number in response to the absence of MAT that would normally be forming in the appendicular skeleton at this age (Fig. 3C).
