Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to a constellation of brain, face, cardiovascular, and skeletal defects of varying severity that collectively have been termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).
The phenotypes associated with these syndromes include pulmonary hypoplasia, craniofacial defects, joint contractures, limb defects, skeletal defects, webbing of the skin (pterygia) and cardiac defects.
These embryos were classified depending on the severity of the skeletal defects and on the presence of teeth (see Fig. 5B for a detailed description).
The treatment restored normal growth in the mice and forestalled skeletal defects characteristic of achondroplasia, the researchers report online today in Science Translational Medicine.
An optimal therapy should stabilise the bone, promote biological repair of the skeletal defects and eradicate the bacterial infection.
The spectrum of defects produced by arsenate in the hamster includes exencephaly, encephaloceles, skeletal defects, and malformations of the genito-urinary system.
In addition, similar to previously reported Ctgf high expression transgenics, [17], [18] the survivors have skeletal defects in the form of shorted body-length, shortened or kinked tails, and reduced bone mineral content.
Bone grafting, typically autologous bone grafting, is commonly utilized to repair skeletal defects in the reconstruction of bone integrity [ 1].
Table A1 also shows the number of fetuses and litters in each dose group with major and minor external/visceral and skeletal defects and the incidence of fetuses with variations in each.
In addition, two studies (Hojo, 1995; Moxon, 1996) reported an increase in skeletal defects at the high dose of 300 mg/kg/day.
