The influence of organism size on evolutionary and ecological patterns and processes.
Here, we study the effect of stochasticity caused by the finiteness of the population size on evolutionary branching.
Mean, standard error, highest posterior density intervals (95%HPD) and effective sample size of likelihood, evolutionary rates and the TMRCA of Carabus were inspected using Tracer 1.5.
For the size of alignments, evolutionary models, and substitution matrices used to generate each figure, see supplementary table S2, Supplementary Material online.
The much lower likelihood of local adaptation in small populations reinforces the fundamental interest of population size for evolutionary theory.
Moreover, our findings reinforce the fundamental importance of population size for evolutionary theory.
A multivariate regression (through the origin) of each of the independent contrasts of shape on independent contrasts of size characterizes evolutionary allometry of each shape parameter and a permutation test (of 10,000 iterations) against the null hypothesis of independence between shape and size evaluates its statistical significance [ 57– 57].
As we piece together the snapshots of these stars of various masses and sizes, at a range of evolutionary stages, we begin to get a complete picture of how stars and their planets are born, live, and die.
Determination of the structure of the yeast telomerase RNA component TLC1 has been hampered by its large size and high rate of evolutionary divergence.
If the Flores skeleton is evidence of the kind of evolutionary size change more associated with animals such as rats and elephants, this, says Brown "is a clear indicator" of human-like creatures "behaving like all other mammals in terms of their interactions with the environment".
