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The removal of particles from elastic substrates has been an important practical problem in the electronics industry especially as the sizes of electronic units shrink.
Still, there is a market--shipments of all sizes of electronic typewriters totaled 960,000 last year, versus a peak of 1.37 million in 1987--and 1987--and 1987--and Brother and other Japanesuchirms have grabbed it.
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But engineers and physicists note there is nothing technically or physically inevitable in the continued shrinking of the fundamental size of electronic circuitry.
The size of electronic data is currently growing at a faster rate than computer memory and disk storage capacities.
At stake is the future of what electronic engineers call scaling, the ability to continue to shrink the size of electronic circuits, which is becoming harder to do as they become as small as viruses.
Most prominent is a price limit, ranging from 5 cents to 9 cents above or below the quoted price, which is aimed to restrict the size of electronic orders and thus keep prices from gyrating out of control.
The decreasing feature size of electronic compounds down to the micrometer range is paralleled by an increase in the aspect ratio, worsening all mass transport related processes.
According to Moore's law, the size of electronic and spintronic devices for a classical computer should approach 10 nm in 2018 2020, i.e. the scale where quantum effects are visible, a fact in favor of a quantum computer.
For example, the typical size of electronic devices is about 20 nm, and photonic diffraction limit is λ/2n ~ 200 nm, where λ is the telecommunication optical wavelength, and n is the refractive index of the waveguide (e.g., Silicon, n = 3.5).
The small physical size of electronic equipment, space limitation for installing air-cooling systems and high heat flux produced from a single chip have attracted a great deal of interest in more efficient heat dissipation equipment such as high-performance liquid cooling systems and mini-rectangular fin heat sinks.
Their reduced dimensions enable one to reduce the size of electronic circuitry.
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