Under appropriate conditions, we show that the sequence of the coefficient matrices belongs to the Generalized Locally Toeplitz class and we compute the symbol describing its asymptotic eigenvalue/singular value distribution, as the matrix size diverges.
Young species pairs provide evidence for this, such as stickleback morphs found in glacial lakes in which body size diverges through adaptation to different niches and is correlated with mate choice [ 5, 6].
Whenever two species have become separated in their evolutionary trajectories, their genome sizes might diverge neutrally, due to independently occurring processes of genome expansion and genomic deletion, unless there are factors constraining the evolution of genome size.
The relative size of the multiplex minisequencing primers determines the order of the extension products (peaks) on the electropherogram; nevertheless, the mobility of the labeled extension products through the polymer is also influenced by the molecular mass of the label dye, so the observed product size can diverge from the actual size of the primer.
Considerable discrepancies across GWAS through differing genotyping platforms, varying sample sizes and diverging measures of statistical significance demand accurate data selection.
However, it seems plausible that genome size may diverge in populations, even in the face of limited gene flow (Kron et al., 2007).
Retention of ancestral polymorphism is especially likely when the effective sizes of diverging species are large and substitution rates are low [ 1, 46].
This effect saturates for very small scaled population sizes, but diverges for very large scaled population sizes, to the point that reproductive isolation will take extremely long times for very large population sizes (4 N e κ F ≫ 10 ).
In this study, we combine prospective and retrospective phylogenetic-based comparative approaches to assess whether and how brain size has diverged among passerine birds differing in their adaptive response to seasonal environments.
Our results thus suggest that the nightingales have converged in overall body size and diverged in relative bill size in sympatry.
