Information on hospital size, census, and blood culture volume is provided in Table 1.
Hospital bed size, census data, and age for MRSA patients were available for most but not all entries.
Second, we tested the effects of various ecological factors, including climate, host population size (census compared with effective population size) and mean agricultural yields on malaria prevalence.
The 95% confidence intervals on the herd prevalence were calculated using Win Episcope 2.0 for the population size (census provided by the Department of Agriculture of the Basque Country), the sample size (number of herds sampled) and the observed prevalence.
Alternatively, local community and hospital factors (e.g., increasing care of moderately ill patients at home [8], increasing home intravenous antibiotics [15], active transfer of patients between hospitals [ 33, 34 ], and community-acquired resistant organisms) may now be diminishing the effect of hospital size, census and length of stay on proportional resistance.
Census and effective population size estimated per sampling site were not correlated (effective size versus census size: F1,7 = 0.17, adjusted R² = −0.12, P = 0.70) (Table S3).
Genetic estimates of effective population size often generate surprising results, including dramatically low ratios of effective population size to census size.
The ratio of effective population size to census size is an important metric because it describes how much genetic diversity is reduced relative to the number of census individuals in the population.
The ratio of effective population size to census size was estimated to be 9.2*10−5 by MIGRATE and 0.014 from ONeSAMP, but confidence intervals on each estimate overlapped considerably (Fig. 7).
We calculated the ratio of effective size to census size (Ne/ N) using Ne calculated with RAD-derived SNPs after removing physical linkage and estimates of total escapement obtained from aerial surveys (Koktuli River, Anvik River, Tubutulik River) and weir counts (Kogrukluk River, Big Salmon River).
