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The sealing capacity is evaluated by atomic force microscopy for micro-meter sized defects.
Usually, the size of the missing section is large enough that bone either cannot regenerate on its own (critical sized defects) or results in the formation of pseudoarthrosis (nonunions), malunions, and loss of function, making corrective surgery or additional fixation using metallic fixators a common complication [ 14– 23].
The aim of this study was to examine the ability of platelet-enriched fibrin glue to enhance bone formation in critically sized defects in the dog mandible.
The scaffolds within this study were at least 10 mm in all dimensions, making them applicable to critical sized defects for biomedical applications.
There is, therefore, a major clinical demand for new smart biomaterials, which can stimulate neuronal cell proliferation and migration, and facilitate nerve regeneration across these critical sized defects.
A subcutaneous pedicled inferiorly based nasolabial flap can provide a one stage repair of moderate sized defects of the floor of the mouth after de epithelialisation of the base of the flap.
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Next, we devised a PA construct for use in a peripheral nerve critical sized defect model.
Recent studies using sheep critical sized defect models to test tissue engineered products report high morbidity and complications rates.
In goats, the height of the defect was 3.5 cm, which is a critically sized defect, but only approximately 20% of the length of the goat femur.
A number of studies using sheep critical sized defect models report high morbidity and complication rates that range from 2.5% [ 11] up to 33% [ 12].
The sheep critical sized defect model offers some unique advantages over other species that makes it particularly feasible for modelling human orthopaedic disease.
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