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For each sample size, we calculated 1,000 bootstrap estimates and computed the median as well as the 5th and 95th percentiles of the bootstrap estimate distributions.
As an estimate of effect size, we calculated Cramér's V, which is a measure of the strength of association for contingency tests (Cramér 1946; Siegel and Castellan 1988).
For each sample size, we calculated the percentage of cities common to two or more lists and present the results in Figure 4.
To quantify growth rate variation that was independent of colony size, we calculated growth rates for hypothetical colonies with an ESD of 0.2 mm for each genotype from our regression analyses.
To satisfy the required sample size, we calculated the number of children that was required for the epidemiological survey.
For each bin size we calculated the correlation between viral gene ranks and the averaged host gene ranks.
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Dividing the F-score by feature size, we calculate the average contribution roughly.
Lengths of scaffolds sum 3.4 Mb of sequence, and taking that as the genome size, we calculate a genome coverage of 34×.
From all pairs correctly mapped with the expected insert size, we calculate the log-ratio of depth-of-coverage between a sample and a control dataset in a sliding window along the genome.
After the first normalization step (normalization with respect to library size), we calculate M i = m e a n (N R C L e n o n c h r X ) / m e a n (N R C L i b ) for each control sample i.
The blue bars represent the number of events simultaneously observed by Swarm A and C. For statistical analysis of the EPI scale sizes, we calculated R max and Δt only when EPI was detected by both spacecrafts.
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