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While we picked one standard size of comparison, all of these companies offer custom services, from specialty sizing (we're fond of big panoramas) to filtering, retouching, photo restoration and more -- often for an additional fee.
Findings of this study are limited by the performance of only a single spirometry and the small size of comparison groups.
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We calculated d-scores [51] to identify effect size of comparisons between treatments.
The effect size of comparisons (d-scores) for each response was large between the urine and control, and between the feces and control, and negligible between urine and feces (Table 3).
The effect size of comparisons was measured using the standardized increment (SI), which measures the absolute difference between estimates (e.g. means or proportions) over a common standard deviation.
However, for this analysis, simple uncorrected statistical thresholds at α < 0.001 were used to indentify regions with large values of effect size for comparison of predicted and observed values.
The overall quality of many studies reviewed was limited, with shortcomings related to trial design, sample size, choice of comparison groups, outcome measures and duration of follow up [ 26].
To control for patient-specific effects due to the small sample size of this comparison, we performed a set of separate pair wise comparisons using a matched pairs design.
Due to the small sample size of this comparison, no formal hypotheses testing procedures were carried out for these data.
The Mann-Whitney U test was used when the size of a comparison group was too small to assume normality.
For the sample size of this comparison, we apply principles outlined by Lachin [ 1].
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