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Generally, the sample size for interaction analysis for case control study should be much more than that for the traditional case control study.
We evaluated the impact of misspecifying the distribution of a prognostic factor on the power and sample size for interaction effects in an RCT setting.
Attendance and symptoms were unaffected, but there were improvements in working alliance (intervention calculated d = 0.99, 95% CI 0.63 1.36; follow-up d = 1.64, 95% CI 1.25 2.05; intervention and follow-up interaction not significant) and in satisfaction (calculated effect size for interaction between follow-up time and intervention: d = 0.58, 95% CI 0.23 0.93).
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Nevertheless, all remaining effect sizes for interaction effects, including global appraisal, are in the medium range (partial eta-squared >.01 and <.0588, see Figure 2).
The reported effect sizes for interaction terms were very modest, implying that the influence on the predictive value of risk profiles would have been limited [ 19].
Due to significant pre-treatment differences in Total Sleep Time (F 2,129) = 6.46, p =.002), DBAS (F 2,130) = 3.47, p =.034) and SRBQ (F 2,130) = 3.36, p =.038) ηp-values (Eta squared) were used to calculate between-groups effect sizes for interactions, rather than using Cohen's d for between group differences.
The Cohen's effect size for this interaction (d = 1.01) was high, suggesting that the observed difference was slightly greater than one standard deviation.
Consensus was that the correct reported statistics should include a pooled effect size for the interaction with 95% confidence intervals.
We examined the impact of the distribution of the dichotomous prognostic factor on power and sample size for the interaction effect using traditional one-stage sample size calculation.
The R2 change was 0.001, and the Cohen's f2 effect size for this interaction was calculated to be.0014, which is well below the lower limit for a small effect size.
The power to detect an interaction will depend on the minor allele frequency, prevalence of the high-risk trauma-exposure characteristic (e.g. childhood trauma versus later, IPV versus OTS, high versus low exposure severity), and the effect size for the interaction.
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