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Based on interviews with patients we investigated how the patients perceive information given and the situation of choice with which they have been confronted.
The aim of this study is to help patients with breast cancer express their preferences concerning adjuvant chemotherapy and to observe how they perceive and experience the information and the situation of choice.
Preferences assume a situation of choice but do not necessarily reflect use.
Whether or not a situation of choice is looked at in terms of one's "private" or "shared" point of view depends on whom one takes oneself to be: a solitary individual or a group member.
His point, presumably, is that in a given situation of choice, in which an agent has arrayed before himself a range of alternative natural goods that he has some reason to choose, he can choose any one of these goods, despite the advice given by reason.
And while Aquinas is in some ways Aristotelian, and recognizes that virtue will always be required in order to hit the mark in a situation of choice, he rejects the view commonly ascribed to Aristotle (for doubts that it is Aristotle's view; see Irwin 2000) that there are no universally true general principles of right.
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But the ability to make judgments of right and wrong does not depend on your holding a particular belief about morality in general; all that is required are the common sense, on-the-wing criteria you bring to bear (without deep reflection) on everyday situations of choice and decision.
It just shows what kinds of situations of choice they would meet if they would follow any scenario path of the Futures Map.
Raz admits that "If of the options available to agents in typical situations of choice and decision, several are incommensurate, then reason can neither determine nor completely explain their choices or actions" (Raz, 1999, p. 48).
He writes that two values are incommensurable if "there is no general way in which A and B trade off in the whole range of situations of choice and comparison in which they figure" (1997, 59).
A related strategy is to point to a lack of fixed, predetermined ends that all humans (or even any particular human over the course of her life) aim for in situations of choice, or values to maximize when deciding what to believe (such as simplicity, scope, and consistency in the case of theory choice) (Child 1992).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com