Tornado is one of the most hazardous external natural events which should be taken into account in the siting, design and safety evaluation of nuclear power plants.
The toolkit of water management innovations described in this chapter offers creative solutions to integrate considerations of biodiversity conservation, climate change adaptation, food security, and livelihoods in the siting, design, and operations of large hydraulic infrastructure projects.
System performance is uncertain due to a lack of information on factors (such as siting, design, age, nature and level of maintenance, proximity to a watercourse) that affect nutrient retention rates.
In the last decade, the use of probabilistic safety assessment has become commonplace for all phases of the life of a plant, including siting, design, construction, operation and decommissioning.
Green building focuses on increasing the efficiency of resource use – energy, water, and materials – while reducing building impact on human health and the environment during the building's lifecycle, through better siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal.
Marine and hydrokinetic technologies, which convert kinetic energy from currents in open-channel flows to electricity, require inflow characteristics (e.g. mean velocity and turbulence intensity profiles) for their siting, design, and evaluation.
