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Caspases are examined as example protease family, where active site dynamics play a major role in mediating substrate specificity.
Here, we report four-dimensional (4D) nanoscale diffraction, probing specific site dynamics with 10 orders of magnitude improvement in time resolution, in convergent-beam ultrafast electron microscopy (CB-UEM).
In the mutant, the average distance between the substrate and both a key catalytic residue (Tyr157) and the enzyme-bound NAD+ cofactor and the active site dynamics are altered making substrate binding slightly less stable.
With the consistent comparison of fluorescence across all four variants, we believe our results represent the variants' site dynamics and not the probes' intrinsic properties.
Since residency times observed for vinculin-ΔEx20 in adhesions are long compared to vinculin head constructs, it seems likely that adhesion site dynamics and function of the ΔEx20-splice variant are controlled by a combination of vinculin head and vinculin tail-lipid interactions.
The authors have generated a valuable tool for analysing adhesion site dynamics.
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Notice, however, that, by assuming the existence of waves and their local stability for the single-site dynamics, a proof of stability for the whole chain has been obtained and applied to the design of numerical algorithms for the double-precision construction of wave shapes [15].
This can be done, for example, by changing plasma protein binding [ 123, 124], inhibition of a particular efflux transporter [ 125], blocking particular receptors [ 126, 127], or by induction of a pathological state [ 113, 128] and enabling us to learn about the contribution of individual processes in CNS target site kinetics [ 17] and dynamics [ 129, 130].
The findings reported here provide a detailed view of the active site conformational dynamics and should be useful for structure-based inhibitor design for integrase.
Given the great flexibility of the neuraminidase active site, protein dynamics are also incorporated into the computer-aided drug-design process.
Here, so as to understand the fundamental basis of the particular interactions between the ADP-ribose bound to the nsP3 amino acid residues at the binding site, molecular dynamics simulations were applied.
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