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Golparvar-Fard et al. (2011) evaluated accuracy of photogrammetry and laser scanning using a masonry block and a site column as samples.
In an accurate multiple sequence alignment (MSA), each character state in a site (column) is homologous (i.e. all character states in a column evolved through vertical descent from a common ancestral character).
The sequence alignment columns corresponding to these sites are shown in Figure 5. Twenty four of the sites (marked as 'c' in the 'Covarion site' column in Table 3) are the sites that were previously identified to be covarion sites of functional/structural significance by Gaucher et al. [ 24].
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The level of divergence was compared to the distribution of divergence levels built using a pseudo-random sample of 1,000,000 amino acid site columns sampled with replacement from the alignment (one site could be sampled more than once).
Off-site column tests were performed, and the characteristics of the nutrient transport in the residual soil were analyzed.
On-site column froth flotation testing using a 15-cm diameter (7 kg/h) laboratory Jameson cell produced a 30 175 kJ/kg and 2.85% sulfur product at a combustible recovery of 75%.
Moreover, bioinformatical analyses suggest that most of the isoforms exhibit differences in their biologically significant sites (column 5 in Table 3).
'#' differential sites (Column E) for these genes were either not found in two or more cell lines or were located in regions outside the promoter region (-2 kb to + 1 kb of UCSC canonical transcription start site) surveyed in Ross et al. [ 16].
Table 1 shows characteristics of the study sites; columns three and four indicate the number of doctors and midwives working in the maternity ward at each hospital.
The heterozygous sites (columns in the alignment with different values) correspond to alleles that differ between chromosomes and they are labeled as 0 or 1 arbitrarily.
In the quartet-mapping approach [ 20] for example, one starts with an alignment of four sequences and defines the weight of a given quartet to be the fraction of alignment sites (columns) in which a = b ≠ c = d.
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